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Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells, having a height of four times that of their width. The cytoplasm of goblet cells tends to be displaced toward the basal end of the cell body by the large mucin granules, which accumulate near the apical surface of the cell along the Golgi apparatus, which lies between the granules and the nucleus.
Goblet cells secrete the mucus layer which protects the epithelium from the luminal contents. Enteroendocrine cells secrete various gastrointestinal hormones including secretin, pancreozymin, enteroglucagon among others. Subsets of sensory intestinal epithelial cells synapse with nerves, [9] and are known as neuropod cells. [10]
The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]
Parietal epithelial cell (PEC) Podocyte; Angioblast → Endothelial cell; Mesangial cell. Intraglomerular; Extraglomerular; Juxtaglomerular cell; Macula densa cell; Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes; Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell; Kidney distal tubule cell; Connecting tubule cells; α-intercalated cell; β-intercalated ...
Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy. It is used by scientists to obtain a better understanding of biological function through the study of cellular dynamics. [1] Live-cell imaging was pioneered in the first decade of the 21st century.
The nuclei of the cells (located at the outer edges of the cells lining the walls of the crypts) are stained blue-gray with haematoxylin. As seen in panels C and D, crypts are about 75 to about 110 cells long. The average crypt circumference is 23 cells. [8] From the images, an average is shown to be about 1,725 to 2530 cells per colonic crypt.
Parietal cells produce potent hydrochloric acid, which damages cells. Gastric chief cells produce pepsinogen, which is activated by the acid to form pepsin. Pepsin is a protease that can digest and damage stomach cells. To prevent these disastrous effects, mucus and bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 −) are secreted by the foveolar cells.
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.