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A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the letter M followed by the value of the nominal diameter D (the maximum thread diameter) and the pitch P, both expressed in millimetres and separated by a dash or sometimes the multiplication sign, × (e.g. M8-1.25 or M8×1.25).
A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Machine screws with different thread diameters Hex key set with metric sizes from 2 mm to 10 mm according to sizes for use with ISO 262 screw sizes (except 3.5 mm for M6 internal set screw) For each size bolt or screw and type of head, there is a corresponding size driver prescribed by various ISO standards, including:
The minor diameter is the lower extreme diameter of the thread. Major diameter minus minor diameter, divided by two, equals the height of the thread. The minor diameter of a nut is its inside diameter. The minor diameter of a bolt can be measured with go/no-go gauges or, directly, with an optical comparator.
Example (inch, coarse): For size 7 ⁄ 16 (this is the diameter of the intended screw in fraction form)-14 (this is the number of threads per inch; 14 is considered coarse), 0.437 in × 0.85 = 0.371 in. Therefore, a size 7 ⁄ 16 screw (7 ⁄ 16 ≈ 0.437) with 14 threads per inch (coarse) needs a tap drill with a diameter of about 0.371 inches.
The major diameter is given by 6p 1.2, [4]: 12 rounded to two significant figures in mm and the hex head size (across the flats) is 1.75 times the major diameter. BA sizes are specified by the following British Standards: BS 57:1951 — B.A. screws, bolts and nuts
To calculate the major diameter of "aught" size screws count the number of extra zeroes and multiply this number by 0.013 in and subtract from 0.060 in. For example, the major diameter of a #0000 screw is 0.060 in − (3 × 0.013 in) = 0.060 in − 0.039 in = 0.021 in.
ISO 898 is an international standard that defines mechanical and physical properties for metric fasteners.This standard is the origin for other standards that define properties for similar metric fasteners, such as SAE J1199 and ASTM F568M. [1]