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Mariner 2 (Mariner-Venus 1962), an American space probe to Venus, was the first robotic space probe to report successfully from a planetary encounter. The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program , it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1 .
Mariner 2 (designated Mariner R-2) was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus. The mission was a success, and Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to have flown by another planet. On the way it measured for the first time the solar wind, a constant stream of charged particles flowing outward from the Sun.
Mariner 2 (P-38) 27 August 1962: NASA United States: Flyby Successful First successful flyby past another planet on 14 December 1962 Atlas-LV3 Agena-B: 2MV-1 No.2: 1 September 1962: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Lander Launch failure Upper stage fuel valve failed to open, resulting in failure to ignite; never left LEO [10] Molniya: 2MV-2 No.1: 12 ...
The first successful flyby Venus probe was the American Mariner 2 spacecraft, which flew past Venus in 1962, coming within 35,000 km. A modified Ranger Moon probe, it established that Venus has practically no intrinsic magnetic field and measured the temperature of the planet's atmosphere to be approximately 500 °C (773 K ; 932 °F ).
1962 in spaceflight; The launch of Ariel 1, ... Mariner 2: Flyby of Venus: Closest approach: 34,773 kilometres (21,607 mi) Orbital launch summary. By country
Mariner 1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program.Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and originally planned to be a purpose-built probe launched summer 1962, Mariner 1's design was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date.
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Vostok 2: 1962 August 12 USSR First dual crewed spaceflight (Andriyan Nikolayev and Pavel Popovich) First spacecraft-to-spacecraft radio contact First simultaneous flight of crewed spacecraft. First person to float freely in microgravity. Vostok 3 / Vostok 4: 1962 December 14 USA First successful planetary flyby mission . Mariner 2: 1963 June ...