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These cases as well as asymptomatic and more severe cases of EBV infection are diagnosed definitively as EBV-associated by finding during the initial infection period the Epstein–Barr virus, IgM antibody to EBV viral-capsid antigen (VCA-IgM), IgG antibody to VCA (IgG-VCA), and IgG antibody to EBV viral-capsid antigen (EBNA1-IgG) in the blood ...
Antibodies (IgM and IgG) to proteins encoded by the EBV DNA are detected. [54] Direct detection of EBV genome presence via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is seldom done, as this method says nothing about the immune system's reaction to the virus. EBV viral load does not correlate well with clinical symptoms of infection. [55]
Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). [2] [3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. [2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and ...
There are several forms of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. These include asymptomatic infections, the primary infection, infectious mononucleosis, and the progression of asymptomatic or primary infections to: 1) any one of various Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases such as chronic active EBV infection, EBV+ hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Burkitt's lymphoma ...
[38] [39] Some individuals have detectable levels of both IgG and IgM as early as within the first week after symptoms begin. [37] Although viral infections typically have a rise in IgM that precedes a rise in IgG, some individuals infected with COVID-19 have both IgM and IgG responses at approximately the same time.
Heterophile antibodies are IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse red blood cells. They appear during the first week of infectious mononucleosis symptoms, 3–4 weeks after infection and return to undetectable levels 3 to 6 months after infection. Heterophile antibody is a fairly specific but insensitive test for EBV.
Epstein Barr virus capsid antigens (VCA) are any sections of the viral capsid that the hosts' antibodies bind to. The hosts, or individuals infected with the virus, will produce antibodies to target these Epstein Barr viral capsid antigens. [3] IgG VCA antibodies will be produced during the early stage of the EBV infection.
The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV