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The jugular venous pressure (JVP, sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein. It can be useful in the differentiation of different forms of heart and lung disease .
visible pulsation of retinal arteries Beevor's sign: Charles Edward Beevor: neurology, neurosurgery: spinal trauma at T10: cephalad movement of navel on cervical flexion Bekhterev–Jacobsohn reflex: Vladimir Bekhterev, Louis Jacobsohn-Lask: neurology: pyramidal tract lesions
At the nails Splinter hemorrhage and Quincke's pulsation should be looked for as well as any deformity of the nail such as Beau's lines, clubbing or peripheral cyanosis. Inspect the head for: Cheeks for the malar flush of mitral stenosis. The eyes for corneal arcus and surrounding tissue for xanthalasma. Conjunctiva pallor a sign of anemia.
On inspection the clinician looks for signs of: trauma; previous surgery ()muscle wasting/muscle asymmetry; edema (swelling) erythema (redness); ulcers – arterial ulcers tend to be on the borders / sides of the foot, neuropathic ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, venous ulcers tend on be on the medial aspect of the leg superior to the medial malleolus.
The pulse is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries, recorded as beats per minute (bpm). [11] It may also be called "heart rate". In addition to providing the heart rate, the pulse should also be evaluated for strength and obvious rhythm abnormalities. [11] The pulse is commonly taken at the wrist (radial ...
Parasternal heave occurs during right ventricular hypertrophy (i.e. enlargement) or very rarely severe left atrial enlargement. [4] This is due to the position of the heart within the chest: the right ventricle is most anterior (closest to the chest wall).
The height of AC component of the photoplethysmogram is proportional to the pulse pressure, the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure in the arteries. As seen in the figure showing premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), the PPG pulse for the cardiac cycle with the PVC results in lower amplitude blood pressure and a PPG.
A Wiggers diagram modified from [1]. A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century.