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Proliferating supporting cells can acquire hair cell fate in mitotic division. The mouse's neonatal supporting cells proliferate after hair cell death and regenerate hair cells after damage. [26] The neonatal cochlea is resistant to hair cell damage caused by exposure to noise or drugs, which are toxic to the cochlea, or auditory nerve, in vivo ...
The supporting cells are differentiated from the hair cells, when early embryonic hair cells express ligands that bind to the Notch receptors would prevent them from obtaining the hair cell phenotype, and these cells would differentiate into supporting cells, this is one of the reasons that the supporting cells are able to regenerate new hair ...
Damage to hair cells can cause damage to the vestibular system and therefore cause difficulties in balancing. However, other vertebrates, such as the frequently studied zebrafish, and birds have hair cells that can regenerate. [5] [6] The human cochlea contains on the order of 3,500 inner hair cells and 12,000 outer hair cells at birth. [7]
Hair cells are modified neurons, able to generate action potentials which can be transmitted to other nerve cells. These action potential signals travel through the vestibulocochlear nerve to eventually reach the anterior medulla , where they synapse and are initially processed in the cochlear nuclei .
Age-related hair cell degeneration is characterized by loss of stereocilia, shrinkage of hair cell soma, and reduction in outer hair cell mechanical properties, suggesting that functional decline in mechanotransduction and cochlear amplification precedes hair cell loss and contributes to age-related hearing loss.
However, the regrowth of cochlear hair cells does not imply the restoration of hearing sensitivity, as the sensory cells may or may not make connections with neurons that carry the signals from hair cells to the brain. A 2008 study has shown that gene therapy targeting Atoh1 can cause hair cell growth and attract neuronal processes in embryonic ...
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In mammals where regeneration of cochlear hair cells normally does not occur, this inhibition could help regrow damaged cells who are otherwise incapable of proliferation. In fact, when the CDKN1B gene is disrupted in adult mice, hair cells of the organ of Corti proliferate, while those in control mice do not. Lack of CDKN1B expression appears ...