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  2. passwd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passwd

    One solution is a "shadow" password file to hold the password hashes separate from the other data in the world-readable passwd file. For local files, this is usually /etc/shadow on Linux and Unix systems, or /etc/master.passwd on BSD systems; each is readable only by root. (Root access to the data is considered acceptable since on systems with ...

  3. Unix security - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_security

    Sudo command on Ubuntu to temporarily assume root privileges. Most Unix and Unix-like systems have an account or group which enables a user to exact complete control over the system, often known as a root account. If access to this account is gained by an unwanted user, this results in a complete breach of the system.

  4. Root directory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_directory

    View of the root directory in the OpenIndiana operating system. In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. [1] It can be likened to the trunk of a tree, as the starting point where all branches originate from.

  5. Linux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...

  6. chntpw - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chntpw

    chntpw has no support for fully encrypted NTFS partitions (the only possible exceptions to this are encrypted partitions readable by Linux such as LUKS), usernames containing Unicode characters, or Active Directory passwords (with the exception of local users of systems that are members of an AD domain). The password changing feature is also ...

  7. Kernel panic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_panic

    When a kernel panic occurs in Mac OS X 10.2 through 10.7, the computer displays a multilingual message informing the user that they need to reboot the system. [15] Prior to 10.2, a more traditional Unix-style panic message was displayed; in 10.8 and later, the computer automatically reboots and the message is only displayed as a skippable ...

  8. Why did I receive an email from MAILER-DAEMON? - AOL Help

    help.aol.com/articles/what-is-a-mailer-daemon...

    The most common reason for a failed delivery is that the email address entered isn't valid. If the delivery failure message says the account doesn't exist double check the spelling of the address you entered. A single misplaced letter could cause a delivery failure.

  9. Superuser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser

    In Unix-like computer OSes (such as Linux), root is the conventional name of the user who has all rights or permissions (to all files and programs) in all modes (single- or multi-user). Alternative names include baron in BeOS and avatar on some Unix variants. [2] BSD often provides a toor ("root" written backward) account in addition to a root ...