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Cree's XLamp XM-L LEDs, commercially available in 2011, produce 100 lm/W at their full power of 10 W, and up to 160 lm/W at around 2 W input power. In 2012, Cree announced a white LED giving 254 lm/W, [10] and 303 lm/W in March 2014. [11] Practical general lighting needs high-power LEDs, of one watt or more.
High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. [50] [51] LED power densities up to 300 W/cm 2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be mounted on a ...
Typical LED package including thermal management design Thermal animation of a high powered A19 sized LED light bulb, created using high resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software, showing temperature contoured LED heat sink and flow trajectories Thermal animation of a high power density industrial PAR 64 LED downlight heat sink design, created using high resolution CFD ...
In January 2012, Osram demonstrated high-power InGaN LEDs grown on silicon substrates commercially, [52] and GaN-on-silicon LEDs are in production at Plessey Semiconductors. As of 2017, some manufacturers are using SiC as the substrate for LED production, but sapphire is more common, as it has the most similar properties to that of gallium ...
The superluminescent diode was reported for the first time by Kurbatov et al. (1971) [2] [3] and Lee, Burrus, and Miller (1973). [4] [3] By 1986 Dr. Gerard A. Alphonse at RCA Laboratories (now SRI International), invented a novel design enabling high power superluminescent diodes. [5]
A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...
The first LEDs were red and yellow, and higher-frequency diodes have been developed over time. All LEDs produce incoherent, narrow-spectrum light; "white" LEDs are actually a blue LED with a yellow scintillator coating, or combinations of three LEDs of a different color. LEDs can also be used as low-efficiency photodiodes in signal applications.
This is the ratio between the total luminous flux emitted by a device and the total amount of input power (electrical, etc.) it consumes. The luminous efficacy of the source is a measure of the efficiency of the device with the output adjusted to account for the spectral response curve (the luminosity function).