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Gas chromatography is used extensively in forensic science. Disciplines as diverse as solid drug dose (pre-consumption form) identification and quantification, arson investigation, paint chip analysis, and toxicology cases, employ GC to identify and quantify various biological specimens and crime-scene evidence.
The response factor can be expressed on a molar, volume or mass [1] basis. Where the true amount of sample and standard are equal: = where A is the signal (e.g. peak area) and the subscript i indicates the sample and the subscript st indicates the standard. [2]
GC–MS is used for the analysis of unknown organic compound mixtures. One critical use of this technology is the use of GC–MS to determine the composition of bio-oils processed from raw biomass. [29] GC–MS is also utilized in the identification of continuous phase component in a smart material, magnetorheological (MR) fluid. [30]
In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), deuterated compounds with similar structures to the analyte commonly act as effective internal standards. [8] However, there are non-deuterated internal standards such as norleucine, which is popular in the analysis of amino acids because it can be separated from accompanying peaks. [9] [10] [11]
One of the most widely used methods for headspace analysis is described by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Originally developed by the R.S. Kerr USEPA Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma as a "high quality, defendable, and documented way to measure" methane, ethane, and ethene, [7] [8] RSKSOP-175 is a standard operating procedure (SOP) and an unofficial method employed by ...
For example, GC Image was the first software developed for two dimensional gas chromatography. Some software [15] packages are used in addition to the normal GC (or GC-MS) packages while others are built as a complete platform, [16] [17] controlling all aspects of the analysis. The new and different way of presenting and evaluating data offers ...
In gas chromatography, the Kovats retention index (shorter Kovats index, retention index; plural retention indices) is used to convert retention times into system-independent constants. The index is named after the Hungarian-born Swiss chemist Ervin Kováts , who outlined the concept in the 1950s while performing research into the composition ...
The integrated areas are compared to a calibration curve, created using standards' concentrations to calculate the concentration of each component in the unknown sample. Data Interpretation : The software analyzes the integrated data to draw conclusions about the composition, concentration, and purity of the sample.