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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation ( Na + ) and a bicarbonate anion ( HCO 3 − ).
As a result, sodium usually forms ionic compounds involving the Na + cation. [1] Sodium is a reactive alkali metal and is much more stable in ionic compounds. It can also form intermetallic compounds and organosodium compounds. Sodium compounds are often soluble in water.
The method is appealing to such users because sodium bicarbonate is widely sold as baking soda, and the temperatures required (250 °F (121 °C) to 300 °F (149 °C)) to convert baking soda to sodium carbonate are readily achieved in conventional kitchen ovens. [18]
The circumstances under which a compound will have ionic or covalent character can typically be understood using Fajans' rules, which use only charges and the sizes of each ion. According to these rules, compounds with the most ionic character will have large positive ions with a low charge, bonded to a small negative ion with a high charge. [25]
Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate) – NaHCO 3; Sodium hydrosulfide – NaSH; Sodium hydroxide – NaOH; Sodium hypobromite – NaOBr; Sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl; Sodium hypoiodite – NaOI; Sodium hypophosphite – NaPO 2 H 2; Sodium iodate – NaIO 3; Sodium iodide – NaI; Sodium manganate – Na 2 MnO 4; Sodium molybdate ...
A bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure; in particular, sodium bicarbonate contributes to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water quality. [6]
It can substitute for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet, [4] and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders. [5] [6] As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent. Examples include as buffering agent in medications, an additive in winemaking.
It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide: Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + NaHCO 3 → Na 3 HP 2 O 7 + CO 2 + H 2 O. It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action. Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste. [2]