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Runway 13R at Palm Springs International Airport An MD-11 at one end of a runway. In aviation, a runway is an elongated, rectangular surface designed for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft. [1] Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel, ice, sand or salt).
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A hot spot is a location on an airport movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary. It is believed that this extra awareness can improve planning and navigation. Hot spots are shown on both airport diagrams and chart supplements. [6]
A pilot's view of Lisbon Airport's runway 21 in fog; runway visual range is about 200 m (660 ft). In aviation, the runway visual range (RVR) is the distance over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of the runway can see the runway surface markings delineating the runway or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.
An approach plate for the ILS or LOC approach to runway 14L at Cologne Bonn Airport, Germany.. Approach plates (or, more formally, instrument approach procedure charts) are the printed or digital charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
The climbing flight path along the extended runway centerline which begins at takeoff and continues to at least 1/2 mile beyond the runway's departure end and not less than 300 feet below the traffic pattern altitude. The names of the legs are logical and based on the relative wind as seen looking down a runway facing into the wind.
The PAPI can be seen to the right (non-standard) side of the runway. The aircraft is slightly below the glideslope. A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach.