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Johann Karl Rodbertus developed a theory of surplus value in the 1830s and 1840s, notably in Zur Erkenntnis unserer staatswirthschaftlichen Zustände (Toward an appreciation of our economic circumstances, 1842), and claimed earlier priority to Marx, specifically to have "shown practically in the same way as Marx, only more briefly and clearly ...
Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. [1] It is mainly concerned with the Western European theorizing about Mehrwert (added value or surplus value ) from about 1750, critically examining the ideas of British, French and German political ...
He proves that this theorem is logically false. However, Marx himself never argued that surplus labour was a sufficient condition for profits, only an ultimate necessary condition (Morishima aimed to prove that, starting from the existence of profit expressed in price terms, we can deduce the existence of surplus value as a logical consequence).
Typically only the annual value of expenditure on land improvements and the value of leases of productive equipment are recorded as "productive", value-adding earnings. In Marx's theory, however, [23] land rents do not simply reflect a property income gained from the ownership of an asset, but are a real element of surplus value and ...
The surplus value/product is the materialized surplus labour or surplus labour time while the necessary value/product is materialized necessary labour in regard to workers, like the reproduction of the labour power. [6] Marx called the rate of surplus value an "exact expression of the degree of exploitation of labour power by capital". [11]
The divergence between surplus value realised and surplus value produced becomes even more marked if surplus value is viewed in terms of the net incomes of social classes, i.e. net labor income and net property income. [2] Marx identified five different formulae for the rate of surplus value (see surplus value). [3]
In national accounts and business accounts, for example, the change in the value of inventories held is adjusted for changes in their current market prices, affecting the profit calculation. Steve Keen [2] argues that "Essentially, Marx reached the result that the means of production cannot generate surplus value by confusing depreciation, or ...
Pages in category "Theory of value (economics)" The following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. ... Theories of Surplus Value; Theory of imputation; U.