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A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution.
The perianth is the flower structure comprising the two sterile whorls, the calyx and the corolla. In many cases, as for example in weeping willow ( Salix babylonica , salicaceae ) or European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior , oleaceae ) the perianth may be missing, that is, the flowers have only the fertile whorls (androecium and gynoecium) and are ...
Floral formulae are one of the two ways of describing flower structure developed during the 19th century, the other being floral diagrams. [2] The format of floral formulae differs according to the tastes of particular authors and periods, yet they tend to convey the same information. [1] A floral formula is often used along with a floral diagram.
Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). [7] After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds. [2] Flowers have long been appreciated for their beauty and pleasant scents, and also hold cultural significance as religious, ritual, or symbolic objects, or sources of medicine and food.
Phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. [1] This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, [1] which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. [2] Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants.
A flower that is not part of an inflorescence is called a solitary flower and its stalk is also referred to as a peduncle. Any flower in an inflorescence may be referred to as a floret, especially when the individual flowers are particularly small and borne in a tight cluster, such as in a pseudanthium.
Acephalous – without a head, used to describe a flower style without a well-developed stigma. Bract – the leaf- or scale-like appendages that are located just below a flower, a flower stalk, or an inflorescence; they usually are reduced in size and sometimes showily or brightly colored.
A Lilium flower showing the six tepals: the outer three are sepals and the inner three are petals. Undifferentiated tepals are believed to be the ancestral condition in flowering plants . For example, Amborella , which is thought to have separated earliest in the evolution of flowering plants, [ 4 ] has flowers with undifferentiated tepals.