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Geofence warrants were first used in 2016. [4] Google reported that it had received 982 such warrants in 2018, 8,396 in 2019, and 11,554 in 2020. [3] A 2021 transparency report showed that 25% of data requests from law enforcement to Google were geo-fence data requests. [5]
A geofence can be dynamically generated (as in a radius around a point location) or match a predefined set of boundaries (such as school zones or neighborhood boundaries). The use of a geofence is called geofencing , and one example of use involves a location-aware device of a location-based service (LBS) user entering or exiting a geofence.
Keyword search warrants seek to compel search engine companies to release data on users who have searched specific phrases—for example, an address that was later the location of a crime. [2] Keyword warrants are comparatively rare but have been used to request data from companies including Google, Microsoft , and Yahoo since at least 2017.
Address geocoding, or simply geocoding, is the process of taking a text-based description of a location, such as an address or the name of a place, and returning geographic coordinates, frequently latitude/longitude pair, to identify a location on the Earth's surface. [1]
Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude) in a given map datum. Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark. In turn, positions can determine a meaningful location, such as a street address.
Reverse geocoding is the process of converting a location as described by geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) to a human-readable address or place name. It is the opposite of forward geocoding (often referred to as address geocoding or simply "geocoding"), hence the term reverse.
The Global Location Number (GLN) is part of the GS1 systems of standards. [1] It is a simple tool used to identify a location and can identify locations uniquely where required. This identifier is compliant with norm ISO/IEC 6523. [2] The GS1 Identification Key is used to identify physical locations or legal entities.
MapInfo Corporation, initially incorporated as Navigational Technologies Incorporated, was a company that developed location intelligence software. [1] [2] It was headquartered in North Greenbush, New York. Its products included a desktop mapping application, various map and demographic data products, and some web-based applications.