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Bithynia and Pontus (Latin: Provincia Bithynia et Pontus, Ancient Greek Ancient Greek: Επαρχία Βιθυνίας και Πόντου, romanized: Eparkhía Bithynías kai Póntou) was the name of a province of the Roman Empire on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey).
Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 4th century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.
A map of Asia Minor in 89 BC at the start of the First Mithridatic War. Bithynia, dark red, is shown as a client kingdom of Rome, light red. Pontus is shown in dark green. Relations between Bithynia and Rome soured during the reign of Nicomedes II's son and successor Nicomedes III over the influence over the central Anatolian kingdom of Cappadocia.
Anatolia in the early 1st century AD with Pontus as a Roman client state The Roman client kingdom of Pontus, c. AD 50. Most of the western half of Pontus and the Greek cities of the coast, including Sinope, were annexed by Rome directly as part of the Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus. The interior and eastern coast remained an independent ...
Map of Pontus in antiquity, 1901. The first travels of Greek merchants and adventurers to the Pontus region occurred probably from around 1000 BC, whereas their settlements would become steady and solidified cities only by the 8th and 7th centuries BC as archaeological findings document.
English: Locator map of the Bythinia et Pontus province in the Roman Empire (125). Extracted from File:Roman Empire 125 political map.svg Français : Localisation de la province romaine de Bythinia et Pontus (en 125 de notre ère).
Map of the Roman East in 62 BC, after Pompey's reorganization. Roman provinces in red, client kingdoms in yellow. Pompey's eastern settlement was the reorganization of Asia Minor and the Levant carried out by the Roman general Pompey in the 60s BC, in the aftermath of his suppression of piracy, his victory in the Third Mithridatic War and the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire, which brought ...
Paphlagonia (/ ˌ p æ f l ə ˈ ɡ oʊ n i ə /; Greek: Παφλαγονία, romanized: Paphlagonía, modern translit. Paflagonía; Turkish: Paflagonya) was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus to the east, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.