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Plaque accumulation causes the gingiva to become irritated and inflamed, and this is referred to as gingivitis. When the gingiva become so irritated that there is a loss of the connective tissue fibers that attach the gums to the teeth and bone that surrounds the tooth, this is known as periodontitis.
Dental plaque: Although usually virtually invisible on the tooth surface, plaque may become stained by chromogenic bacteria such as Actinomyces species. [12] Calculus: Neglected plaque eventually calcifies, and leads to formation of a hard deposit on the teeth, especially around the gumline. The color of calculus varies, and may be grey, yellow ...
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
Plaque tends to build up around the gingival margin (the gumline) and in gingival crevices or periodontal pocket (below the gumline). The release of waste products from the bacteria living in the biofilm causes an inflammatory response in the gums which become red and swollen, bleeding easily when disturbed.
Denture-related stomatitis is a common condition where mild inflammation and redness of the oral mucous membrane occurs beneath a denture.In about 90% of cases, Candida species are involved, [4] which are normally a harmless component of the oral microbiota in many people.
It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline (supragingival), or below the gumline cervical margins (subgingival). [1] Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm.
Bad taste (metallic taste). [3] Malaise, fever and/or cervical lymph node enlargement are rare (unlike the typical features of herpetic stomatitis). [3] Pain is fairly well localized to the affected areas. [3] Systemic reactions may be more pronounced in children. [2] Cancrum oris (noma) is a very rare complication, usually in debilitated ...
Removal of microbial plaque and calculus is necessary to establish periodontal health. The first step in the treatment of periodontitis involves nonsurgical cleaning below the gum line with a procedure called "root surface instrumentation" or "RSI", this causes a mechanical disturbance to the bacterial biofilm below the gumline. [59]