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  2. Extinction (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_(astronomy)

    For an A0-type main sequence star (these have median wavelength and heat among the main sequence) the color indices are calibrated at 0 based on an intrinsic reading of such a star (± exactly 0.02 depending on which spectral point, i.e. precise passband within the abbreviated color name is in question, see color index). At least two and up to ...

  3. Photosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere

    The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium; they account for 74.9% and 23.8%, respectively, of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere.All heavier elements, colloquially called metals in stellar astronomy, account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen (roughly 1% of the Sun's mass), carbon (0.3%), neon (0.2%), and iron (0.2%) being the most abundant.

  4. Stellar structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_structure

    Typical boundary conditions set the values of the observable parameters appropriately at the surface (=) and center (=) of the star: () =, meaning the pressure at the surface of the star is zero; () =, there is no mass inside the center of the star, as required if the mass density remains finite; () =, the total mass of the star is the star's ...

  5. Unique white dwarf will help clarify what happens to dying stars

    www.aol.com/news/2016-04-01-zombie-white-dwarf...

    Researchers have discovered a white dwarf (a dead star), with an oxygen atmosphere surrounding it -- the first of its kind. Astronomers managed to pick up the star from spectral lines: colored ...

  6. Molecules in stars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecules_in_stars

    Although the Sun is a star, its photosphere has a low enough temperature of 6,000 K (5,730 °C; 10,340 °F), and therefore molecules can form. Water has been found on the Sun, and there is evidence of H 2 in white dwarf stellar atmospheres. [2] [4] Cooler stars include absorption band spectra that are characteristic of molecules.

  7. Stellar nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis

    Later in its life, a low-mass star will slowly eject its atmosphere via stellar wind, forming a planetary nebula, while a higher–mass star will eject mass via a sudden catastrophic event called a supernova. The term supernova nucleosynthesis is used to describe the creation of elements during the explosion of a massive star or white dwarf.

  8. It Takes The Entire Rainbow Of Colors To Make The Sky Blue ...

    www.aol.com/takes-entire-rainbow-colors-sky...

    We also see the Rayleigh effect at play in: -Sunsets where the sky is red.Light has to pass through a larger part of the atmosphere when the sun is lower on the horizon. Red, orange and yellow ...

  9. Black dwarf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_dwarf

    These will occur if pycnonuclear (density-based) fusion processes much of the star to nickel-56, which decays into iron via emitting a positron. This would lower the Chandrasekhar limit for some black dwarfs below their actual mass. If this point is reached, it would then collapse and initiate runaway nuclear fusion.