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Toxic vacuolation is associated with sepsis, particularly when accompanied by toxic granulation. [4] The finding is also associated with bacterial infection, [3] alcohol toxicity, liver failure, [4] and treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a cytokine drug used to increase the absolute neutrophil count in patients with neutropenia.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is a measure of the number of neutrophil granulocytes [1] (also known as polymorphonuclear cells, PMN's, polys, granulocytes, segmented neutrophils or segs) present in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fights against infection.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is recommended to temporarily increase neutrophil counts in patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) of less than 0.5 x 10 9 /l and recurrent fever or infections. [6] [7] In cases of severe infection or the need for surgery, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may be used. [8]
The Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is also used in diagnosis and prognosis. ANC is the gold standard for determining severity of neutropenia, and thus neutropenic fever. Any ANC < 1500 cells / mm 3 is considered neutropenia, but <500 cells / mm 3 is considered severe. [62]
Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophils in the blood. [1] Because neutrophils are the main type of granulocytes , mentions of granulocytosis often overlap in meaning with neutrophilia.
People with severe neutropenia, a low neutrophil count, have an increased risk of developing serious infections. One of the approaches to preventing and treating infections in people with neutropenia is to increase the neutrophil count, which is commonly done using drugs like G-CSF to stimulate the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow. [6]
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...
Neutropenia indicates a deficiency of neutrophils (the most common granulocyte cell) only. [citation needed] To be precise, neutropenia is the term normally used to describe absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) of less than 500 cells per microlitre, whereas agranulocytosis is reserved for cases with ANCs of less than 100 cells per microlitre.