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Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for 'time'; plural 'tempos', or tempi from the Italian plural), measured in beats per minute, is the speed or pace of a given composition, and is often also an indication of the composition's character or atmosphere.
A musical form in which a certain section returns repeatedly, interspersed with other sections: ABACA is a typical structure or ABACABA roulade (Fr.) A rolling (i.e. a florid vocal phrase) rubato Stolen, robbed (i.e. flexible in tempo), applied to notes within a musical phrase for expressive effect ruhig (Ger.) Calm, peaceful run
In strict tempo at a marching pace (e.g. 120 BPM) Allargando: broadening: Slowing down and broadening; becoming more stately and majestic, possibly louder Allegro: joyful; lively and fast: Joyful; moderately fast tempo Allegretto: a little bit joyful: Slightly less joyful than allegro (so slightly slower tempo) Andante: walking
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail.However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context: a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece.
Even works that do not require a strictly constant tempo, such as musical passages with rubato, sometimes provide BPM markings to indicate the general tempo. Another mark that denotes tempo is M.M. (or MM), for Maelzel's Metronome. The notation M.M. is usually followed by a note value and a number that indicates the tempo, as in M.M. = 60.
In classical music, tempo is typically indicated with an instruction at the start of a piece, often using conventional Italian, French or German terms. Common tempo markings, from slow to fast: Italian: Largo • Adagio • Lento • Andante • Moderato • Allegro • Vivace • Presto French: Grave • Lent • Modéré • Vif • Vite ...
Phrasing can emphasise a concept in the music or a message in the lyrics, or it can digress from the composer's intention, aspects of which are commonly indicated in musical notation called phrase marks or phrase markings. For example, accelerating the tempo or prolonging a note may add tension.