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Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" that is visible when it is etched, rusted, or bent to failure.
Cast iron was not useful for items in tension like beams, where the more expensive wrought iron was preferred. Improvements in production saw the costs decrease at the same time as cast iron gained popularity. The puddling process, patented in 1784, was a relatively low cost method for producing a structural grade wrought iron.
Yett hanging in the main entrance of Blackness Castle, Scotland, showing attached bolts and pierced construction.Wrought in 1693. [1]A yett (from the Old English and Scots language word for "gate") [2] is a gate or grille of latticed wrought iron bars used for defensive purposes in castles and tower houses. [3]
It has been used in four common forms: wrought iron, cast iron, sheet iron, and steel. [12] Wrought iron was used for minor structural and decorative elements starting in the 18th century. Until the mid-19th century, the use of wrought iron in buildings was generally limited to small items such as tie rods, straps, nails, and hardware, or to ...
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One popular style is the star anchor, an anchor plate cast or wrought in the shape of a five-pointed star. Other names and styles of anchor plate include earthquake washer, triangular washer, S-iron, and T-head. [2] In the United Kingdom, pattress plate is the term for circular restraints, [3] tie bar being an alternative term for rectangular ...