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Ferrocerium has many commercial applications, such as the ignition source for lighters, strikers for gas welding and cutting torches, deoxidization in metallurgy, and ferrocerium rods. Because of ferrocerium's ability to ignite in adverse conditions, rods of ferrocerium (also called ferro rods , spark rods , and flint-spark-lighters [ 1 ] ) are ...
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature. The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. [1] The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself: Fe 2 O 3 + 2 Al → 2 Fe + Al 2 O 3
The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium.It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
The molten iron is the actual welding material; the aluminium oxide is much less dense than the liquid iron and so floats to the top of the reaction, so the set-up for welding must take into account that the actual molten metal is at the bottom of the crucible and covered by floating slag.
A lightning rod or lightning conductor (British English) is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it is most likely to strike the rod and be conducted to ground through a wire, rather than passing through the structure, where it could start a fire or ...
An electric current is passed through the graphite rods which heats the mixture to 1700–2500 °C. [1] The result of the carbothermic reaction is a layer of silicon carbide (especially in its alpha and beta phases) [1] forming around the rod and emission of carbon monoxide (CO). There are four chemical reactions in the production of silicon ...
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These reactions are very exothermic due to the formation of stable Si–F bonds. [25] Metals deposited by fluorosilane elimination include tungsten [32] and molybdenum. [33] As an example, the surface reactions for tungsten metal ALD using WF 6 and Si 2 H 6 as the reactants can be expressed as [32] [34] WSiF 2 H* + WF 6 → WWF 5 * + SiF 3 H