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The Scoville scale is a measurement of pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers and other substances, recorded in Scoville heat units (SHU). It is based on the concentration of capsaicinoids , among which capsaicin is the predominant component.
The technique utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography to identify and measure the concentrations of the various compounds that produce a heat sensation. Scoville units are roughly 1 ⁄ 15 the size of pungency units while measuring capsaicin, so a rough conversion is to multiply pungency by 15 to obtain Scoville heat units. [108]
The heat intensity of capsaicinoids is measured in Scoville heat units (SCU) by the Scoville heat scale. [1] List of capsaicinoids. Structural formula Name
Scoville scale 50,000–175,000 SHU Piri piri ( / ˌ p ɪr i ˈ p ɪr i / PIRR -ee- PIRR -ee ), often hyphenated or as one word, and with variant spellings peri-peri ( / ˌ p ɛr i ˈ p ɛr iː / ) or pili pili , [ 1 ] is a cultivar of Capsicum frutescens from the malagueta pepper .
Chili pepper species and cultivars registering over 1,000,000 Scoville Heat units (SHU) are called "super-hots". Past Guinness World Record holders (in increasing order of hotness) include the ghost pepper, Infinity chili, Trinidad Moruga scorpion, Naga Viper pepper, Trinidad Scorpion Butch T, and Carolina Reaper.
The Naga Viper pepper is a hot chili pepper.In 2011, it was recorded as the "World's Hottest Chili" by the Guinness World Records with a rating of 1,382,118 Scoville heat units (SHU), [1] but was surpassed in SHU by the Carolina Reaper, in 2017, and again by the latest world record holder Pepper X in 2023.
The ghost chili is rated at more than one million Scoville Heat Units (SHUs) and far surpasses the amount of a cayenne pepper. However, in the race to grow the hottest chili pepper, the ghost chili was superseded by the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper in 2011, the Carolina Reaper in 2013 and Pepper X in 2023. [8]
Scoville heat units (SHU) is a common indication of pepper spiciness. It does take into account the different potency of CRC compounds, but it cannot be reliably used in pepper spray because it measures the strength of the dry product, i.e. the OC resin and not what comes in the aerosol spray.