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The Latin word data is the plural of datum, "(thing) given," and the neuter past participle of dare, "to give". [6] The first English use of the word "data" is from the 1640s. The word "data" was first used to mean "transmissible and storable computer information" in 1946. The expression "data processing" was first used in 1954. [6]
A number of organism-specific transcriptome databases have been constructed and annotated to aid in the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations. RNA-seq is emerging (2013) as the method of choice for measuring transcriptomes of organisms, though the older technique of DNA microarrays is still used ...
The arithmetic mean (or simply mean or average) of a list of numbers, is the sum of all of the numbers divided by their count.Similarly, the mean of a sample ,, …,, usually denoted by ¯, is the sum of the sampled values divided by the number of items in the sample.
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test: this test only works if the mean and the variance of the normal distribution are assumed known under the null hypothesis, Lilliefors test: based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, adjusted for when also estimating the mean and variance from the data, Shapiro–Wilk test, and; Pearson's chi-squared test.
Stem cell genomics: Helps in stem cell biology. Aim is to establish stem cells as a leading model system for understanding human biology and disease states and ultimately to accelerate progress toward clinical translation. Connectomics: The study of the connectome, the totality of the neural connections in the brain.
Several cell function-specific transcription factors (among the about 1,600 transcription factors in a human cell) [68] generally bind to specific motifs on an enhancer. [69] A small combination of these enhancer-bound transcription factors, when brought close to a promoter by a DNA loop, govern transcription level of the target gene.
About 68% of values drawn from a normal distribution are within one standard deviation σ from the mean; about 95% of the values lie within two standard deviations; and about 99.7% are within three standard deviations. [8] This fact is known as the 68–95–99.7 (empirical) rule, or the 3-sigma rule.
More generally, in measure theory and probability theory, either sort of mean plays an important role. In this context, Jensen's inequality places sharp estimates on the relationship between these two different notions of the mean of a function. There is also a harmonic average of functions and a quadratic average (or root mean square) of ...