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If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface of vector area S is = = , where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the unit of Wb/m 2 , S is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S.
For a magnetic component the area S used to calculate the magnetic flux Φ is usually chosen to be the cross-sectional area of the component. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the unit of magnetic flux density (or "magnetic induction", B) is the weber per square meter, or tesla.
In electromagnetics, the term magnetic field is used for two distinct but closely related vector fields denoted by the symbols B and H. In the International System of Units, the unit of B, magnetic flux density, is the tesla (in SI base units: kilogram per second squared per ampere), [5]: 21 which is equivalent to newton per meter
B is the magnetic flux density; H is the magnetizing field. [12]: 258–260 The first term in the right-hand side represents the electromagnetic energy flow into a small volume, while the second term subtracts the work done by the field on free electrical currents, which thereby exits from electromagnetic energy as dissipation, heat, etc.
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx/cm 2 or g/Bi/s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H-field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted .
A magnetic field is a vector field, but if it is expressed in Cartesian components X, Y, Z, each component is the derivative of the same scalar function called the magnetic potential. Analyses of the Earth's magnetic field use a modified version of the usual spherical harmonics that differ by a multiplicative factor.
where is the magnetic flux density, or magnetic flux per unit area at a given point in space. The simplest example of such a system is a single circular coil of conductive wire immersed in a magnetic field, in which case the flux linkage is simply the flux passing through the loop.
Magnetic induction B (also known as magnetic flux density) has the SI unit tesla [T or Wb/m 2]. [1] One tesla is equal to 10 4 gauss. Magnetic field drops off as the inverse cube of the distance ( 1 / distance 3 ) from a dipole source. Energy required to produce laboratory magnetic fields increases with the square of magnetic field. [2]