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Retention ponds such as this one in Dunfermline, Scotland, are considered components of a sustainable drainage system. Sustainable drainage systems (also known as SuDS, [1] SUDS, [2] [3] or sustainable urban drainage systems [4]) are a collection of water management practices that aim to align modern drainage systems with natural water processes and are part of a larger green infrastructure ...
Hard shoreline engineering is the use of non-organic reinforcing materials, such as concrete, steel, and plastic to fortify shorelines, stop erosion, and protect urban development from flooding. However, as shoreline development among coastal cities increased dramatically, the detrimental ecological factors became apparent.
A sand dam is a reinforced concrete wall (or a similarly robust and impermeable weir) built 1–5 metres high across a seasonal sand river. When it rains the dam captures soil laden water behind it – the sand in the water sinks to the bottom, whilst the silt remains suspended in the water.
Cities require a very large input of freshwater and in turn have a huge impact on freshwater systems. Urban and industrial water use is projected to double by 2050. [51] In 2010 the United Nations declared that access to clean water and sanitation is a human right. [52] New solutions for improving the sustainability of cities are being explored.
In situ is a Latin phrase meaning “in the place”. When referred to chemistry or chemical reactions it means “in the reaction mixture”. In situ S/S, accounting for 20% of S/S projects from 1982–2005, is used to mix binding agents into the contaminated material while remaining on the site.
Increasing urbanization pollutes clean water supplies and much of the world still does not have access to clean, safe water. [12] In the industrial world demand management has slowed absolute usage rates but increasingly water is being transported over vast distances from water-rich natural areas to population-dense urban areas and energy ...
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The most sustainable way of reducing risk is to prevent further development in flood-prone areas and old waterways. It is important for at-risk communities to develop a comprehensive Floodplain Management plan. [21] In the US, communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program must agree to regulate development in flood-prone ...