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Iron metallurgy in Africa concerns the origin and development of ferrous metallurgy on the African continent.Whereas the development of iron metallurgy in North Africa and the Horn closely mirrors that of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region, the three-age system is ill-suited to Sub-Saharan Africa, where copper metallurgy generally does not precede iron working. [1]
The trans-Saharan trade routes connected West African iron-producing regions to North Africa and the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies. [2] Similarly, the Indian Ocean trade network linked East African iron goods to markets in the Middle East , South Asia , and Southeast Asia , promoting cross-cultural ...
Iron smelting has been dated to 2,000 BC in southeast Nigeria. [72] Central Africa provides possible evidence of iron working as early as the 3rd millennium BC. [73] Iron smelting developed in the area between Lake Chad and the African Great Lakes between 1,000 and 600 BC, and in West Africa around 2,000 BC, long before the technology reached ...
The Great Rift Valley of Africa provides critical evidence for the evolution of early hominins.The earliest tools in the world can be found there as well: An unidentified hominin, possibly Australopithecus afarensis or Kenyanthropus platyops, created stone tools dating to 3.3 million years ago at Lomekwi in the Turkana Basin, eastern Africa.
The Chaining of a Continent: Export Demand for Captives and the History of Africa South of the Sahara, 1450–1870 Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1992. Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley (Eds.) The Atlantic Slave Trade Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham: Duke ...
It thus appears that iron metallurgy was introduced into the African continent from Mediterranean craftsmen. [7] The Iron Age marks the addition of metallurgy to the technical repertoire of sub-Sahara African people, as stated above. The process of iron smelting is complex and represents a significant improvement in technological capability.
The site now also is providing unique insight into African American history thanks to research involving DNA obtained from the remains of 27 individuals buried in a cemetery for enslaved people at ...
One of the fragments was made of bloomery iron rather than meteoritic iron. [37] [38] The earliest iron artifacts made from bloomeries in China date to end of the 9th century BC. [39] Cast iron was used in ancient China for warfare, agriculture and architecture. [9] Around 500 BC, metalworkers in the southern state of Wu achieved a temperature ...