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Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.
A simple two-point estimation is to compute the slope of a nearby secant line through the points (x, f(x)) and (x + h, f(x + h)). [1] Choosing a small number h, h represents a small change in x, and it can be either positive or negative. The slope of this line is (+) ().
The y-intercept point (,) = (,) corresponds to buying only 4 kg of sausage; while the x-intercept point (,) = (,) corresponds to buying only 2 kg of salami. Note that the graph includes points with negative values of x or y , which have no meaning in terms of the original variables (unless we imagine selling meat to the butcher).
Given two different points (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2), there is exactly one line that passes through them. There are several ways to write a linear equation of this line. If x 1 ≠ x 2, the slope of the line is . Thus, a point-slope form is [3]
The ratio in the definition of the derivative is the slope of the line through two points on the graph of the function , specifically the points (, ()) and (+, (+)). As h {\displaystyle h} is made smaller, these points grow closer together, and the slope of this line approaches the limiting value, the slope of the tangent to the graph of ...
The figure at right illustrates the formula. Notice that the slope in the example of the figure is negative. The formula also provides a negative slope, as can be seen from the following property of the logarithm: (/) = (/).
Linear interpolation on a data set (red points) consists of pieces of linear interpolants (blue lines). Linear interpolation on a set of data points (x 0, y 0), (x 1, y 1), ..., (x n, y n) is defined as piecewise linear, resulting from the concatenation of linear segment interpolants between each pair of data points.
Notice that the points (2,1) and (2,3) are on opposite sides of the line and (,) evaluates to positive or negative. A line splits a plane into halves and the half-plane that has a negative f ( x , y ) {\displaystyle f(x,y)} can be called the negative half-plane, and the other half can be called the positive half-plane.