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A permanent magnet synchronous generator is a generator where the excitation field is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a coil. The term synchronous refers here to the fact that the rotor and magnetic field rotate with the same speed, because the magnetic field is generated through a shaft-mounted permanent magnet mechanism, and current is induced into the stationary armature.
Demonstration hand-cranked magneto made circa 1925, on display at the Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève. 2kW Société de l'Alliance magneto generator for arc lamps, of around 1870. A magneto is an electrical generator that uses permanent magnets to produce periodic pulses of alternating current.
The magnetic field of the dynamo or alternator can be provided by either wire windings called field coils or permanent magnets. Electrically-excited generators include an excitation system to produce the field flux. A generator using permanent magnets (PMs) is sometimes called a magneto, or a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).
Except for permanent magnet generators, a generator produces output voltage proportional to the magnetic flux, which is the sum of flux from the magnetization of the structure and the flux proportional to the field produced by the excitation current. If there is no excitation current the flux is tiny and the armature voltage is almost nil.
DIY simple homopolar motor made with a drywall screw, a battery cell, a wire, and a disk magnet. The magnet is on the screw head. The screw and magnet make contact with the bottom of the battery cell and are held together by the magnet's attraction. The screw and magnet spin, with the screw tip acting as a bearing.
If the magnetic field is provided by a permanent magnet, the generator works regardless of whether the magnet is fixed to the stator or rotates with the disc. Before the discovery of the electron and the Lorentz force law , the phenomenon was inexplicable and was known as the Faraday paradox .