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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic ; if symptoms appear, they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
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Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [1] [2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [3] [4] [5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [1]
Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. [9] Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes. [10] As of 2023, there are two commercially available vaccines, sold under the brand names Dengvaxia and Qdenga. [11] [12]
The Swahili word dinga may possibly have its origin in the Spanish word dengue, meaning fastidious or careful, which would describe the gait of a person suffering the bone pain of dengue fever. [43] However, it is possible that the use of the Spanish word derived from the similar-sounding Swahili. [40]
The word "chikungunya" is from the Makonde language and means "that which bends up", referring to the effect of debilitating joint pain on the patient. [41] Symptoms, generally appearing 5–7 days after exposure, can be confused with dengue and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, and swelling. [42] The disease mainly occurs in Africa ...
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Dengue fever becomes more virulent during a second infection by means of antibody-dependent enhancement. After the first infection, macrophages display antibodies on their cell membranes specific to the dengue virus. By attaching to these antibodies, dengue viruses from a second infection are better able to infect the macrophages, thus reducing ...