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Over time, insulin resistance and high blood sugar—two characteristics of diabetes—can damage blood vessels and impact nitric oxide production, which L-arginine supplements may help counter ...
Diabetes is typically diagnosed by a blood test showing unusually high blood sugar. The World Health Organization defines diabetes as blood sugar levels at or above 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) after fasting for at least eight hours, or a glucose level at or above 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) two hours after an oral glucose tolerance test. [45]
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, damage to the heart muscle, leading to impaired relaxation and filling of the heart with blood (diastolic dysfunction) and eventually heart failure; this condition can occur independent of damage done to the blood vessels over time from high levels of blood glucose.
Other symptoms include severe pain, loss of erection, and swelling. [5] Symptoms of urethral injury include hematuria, blood at the meatus, and dysuria. [1] If left untreated, complications result in 28–53% of cases; these include permanent curvature of the penis, fistula, urethral diverticulum, priapism, and erectile dysfunction. [5]
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to vessel homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Humans with atherosclerosis, diabetes, or hypertension often show impaired NO pathways. [50] Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of vasodilation in blood vessels.
[1] [2] Symptoms depend on the site of nerve damage and can include motor changes such as weakness; sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain; or autonomic changes such as urinary symptoms. These changes are thought to result from a microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (vasa nervorum).
Venous leak is an inability to maintain an erection in the presence of sufficient arterial blood flow through the cavernosal arteries of the penis. [6] The defect lies in the excessive drainage of veins in the cavernosal tissue of the penis, which undermines normal erectile function.
When new, tiny blood vessels grow in a new place, for example, out from the retina. See also: Diabetic retinopathy. Nephrologist a physician specializing in diseases of and treatment of the kidneys Nephropathy Disease of the kidneys caused by damage to the small blood vessels or to the units in the kidneys that clean the blood.