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PVC closet flange with steel flange, before installation. In plumbing, a closet flange (also known as a toilet flange) is a pipe fitting (specifically, a type of flange) that both mounts a toilet to the floor and connects the closet bend to a drain pipe. The name comes from the term "water closet", the traditional name for a toilet.
Non-metallic gaskets are used with flat- or raised-face flanges. Spiral-wound gaskets are used with raised-face flanges, and ring-joint gaskets are used with ring-type joint (RTJ) flanges. Stress develops between an RTJ gasket and the flange groove when the gasket is bolted to a flange, leading to plastic deformation of the gasket. [4]
The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
Water cannot flow from the sink to the tap in normal circumstances, even if the water supply loses pressure. An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. [1]
There are also instances of people slipping on a wet bathroom floor or from a bath and concussing themselves on the fixture. Toilet-related injuries are surprisingly common, with some estimates ranging as high as 40,000 in the US every year. [5] In the past, this number would have been much higher, due to the material from which toilet paper ...
The company owned the world's first bath, toilet and sink showroom in King's Road. Crapper was noted for the quality of his products and received several royal warrants . Manhole covers with Crapper's company's name on them in Westminster Abbey have become one of London's minor tourist attractions .
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