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Thurston investigated the characteristics of over 300 castes and tribes of South India, representing over 40 million people across an area of 150,000 square miles (390,000 km 2). [2] He was a disciple of Risley, who believed in a racial theory for the basis of caste, and borrow anthropometric equipment from the Asiatic Society of Bengal ...
According to Samuel, referencing George L. Hart, central aspects of the later Indian caste system may originate from the ritual kingship system prior to the arrival of Brahmanism, Buddhism and Jainism in India. The system is seen in the South Indian Tamil literature from the Sangam period (3rd BCE-3rd c.CE).
The varna designation of Reddys is a contested and complex topic. Even after the introduction of the varna concept to south India, caste boundaries in south India were not as marked as in north India, where the four-tier varna system placed the priestly Brahmins on top followed by the Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
In a Hindu caste system that was conspicuously present, Brahmins enjoyed a privileged position as imparters of knowledge and local justice. These Brahmins were normally involved in careers that revolved around religion and learning, with the exception of a few who achieved success in martial affairs.
The devotees rushed to collect soil from the ground the man had just walked on, thousands thronging to the front of a venue densely crammed with a quarter of a million people, under stifling heat.
Scheduled Castes (SCs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups. [7] [8] Scheduled Castes are given reservation status guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes.
When Indians migrated around the world, they took caste with them, just as B.R. Ambedkar, India’s foremost political theorist, anti-caste thinker, and the drafter of its constitution, had predicted.
Tribal casteism encompasses South Asian practices of social marginalisation within tribes. These practices are often overlooked by scholars and the media because of a colonial legacy that employed orientalist empiricism [1] to construct tribes as egalitarian and structurally opposite to Hindu caste society. [2]