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For a given sphere packing (arrangement of spheres) in a given space, a kissing number can also be defined for each individual sphere as the number of spheres it touches. For a lattice packing the kissing number is the same for every sphere, but for an arbitrary sphere packing the kissing number may vary from one sphere to another.
Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Curve fitting can involve either interpolation , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] where an exact fit to the data is required, or smoothing , [ 8 ] [ 9 ] in which a "smooth ...
: distance from the origin of the line u {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} } : direction of line (a non-zero vector) Searching for points that are on the line and on the sphere means combining the equations and solving for d {\displaystyle d} , involving the dot product of vectors:
Line fitting is the process of constructing a straight line that has the best fit to a series of data points. Several methods exist, considering: Vertical distance: Simple linear regression; Resistance to outliers: Robust simple linear regression
In analytic geometry, the intersection of a line and a plane in three-dimensional space can be the empty set, a point, or a line. It is the entire line if that line is embedded in the plane, and is the empty set if the line is parallel to the plane but outside it. Otherwise, the line cuts through the plane at a single point.
Some instances of the smallest bounding circle. The smallest-circle problem (also known as minimum covering circle problem, bounding circle problem, least bounding circle problem, smallest enclosing circle problem) is a computational geometry problem of computing the smallest circle that contains all of a given set of points in the Euclidean plane.
Sphere packing finds practical application in the stacking of cannonballs. In geometry , a sphere packing is an arrangement of non-overlapping spheres within a containing space. The spheres considered are usually all of identical size, and the space is usually three- dimensional Euclidean space .
They are a generalization of the concept of a straight line in the plane. For the sphere the geodesics are great circles. Many other surfaces share this property. Of all the solids having a given volume, the sphere is the one with the smallest surface area; of all solids having a given surface area, the sphere is the one having the greatest volume.