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Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO. [22] It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O).It is a colorless, highly volatile, and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour, very reminiscent of the smell of pear drops.
First stage of Hock process: alkylation of benzene with propylene. Second stage of Hock process: autoxidation of cumene. The cumene process (cumene-phenol process, Hock process) is an industrial process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene.
Rather than using the Raschig–Hooker process, some companies use the Hock or cumene process, which instead synthesizes acetone and phenol from benzene and propylene. This preferred process has dominated the market, especially as acetone is also a highly desired substance. [6]
Isopropenyl acetate is an organic compound, which is the acetate ester of the enol tautomer of acetone. This colorless liquid is significant commercially as the principal precursor to acetylacetone. In organic synthesis, it is used to prepare enol acetates of ketones and acetonides from diols. [1]
In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
Pathway of acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation by clostridia. Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, also known as the Weizmann process, is a process that uses bacterial fermentation to produce acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol from carbohydrates such as starch and glucose.
Some commercially significant enones produced by condensations of acetone are mesityl oxide (dimer of acetone) and phorone and isophorone . [5] In the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement, the starting compound is a propargyl alcohol. Another method to access α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is via selenoxide elimination.
DMDO can be prepared as dilute solutions (~0.1 M) by treatment of acetone with potassium peroxymonosulfate KHSO 5, usually in the form of Oxone (2KHSO 5 ·KHSO 4 ·K 2 SO 4). [3] The preparation of DMDO is rather inefficient (typical yields < 3%) and typically only yields a relatively dilute solution in acetone (only up to approximately 0.1 M).