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Tongue-tie (Ankyloglossia or Tight frenulum) refers to an abnormally short and thick lingual frenulum [3] that hinders the child from curving the tongue around the nipple. [10] Hence, the infant drains insufficient breast milk and rubs harder against the nipple which causes nipple abrasion. [4]
Cracked nipple (nipple trauma or nipple fissure) [1] is a condition that can occur in breastfeeding women as a result of a number of possible causes. Developing a cracked nipple can result in soreness, dryness or irritation to, or bleeding of, one or both nipples during breastfeeding. The mother with a cracked nipple can have severe nipple pain ...
Messner et al. [6] studied ankyloglossia and infant feeding. Thirty-six infants with ankyloglossia were compared to a control group without ankyloglossia. The two groups were followed for six months to assess possible breastfeeding difficulties; defined as nipple pain lasting more than six weeks, or infant difficulty latching onto or staying onto the mother's breast.
The penile frenulum is homologous to the clitoral frenulum in the female. [5] It is similar to the lingual frenulum between the tongue's lower surface and the lower jaw, or the frenulum between the upper lip and the outside of the upper gum. [6] In some men, the frenulum may appear shorter than normal, a phenomenon known as frenulum breve.
This is normal in children and adolescents. [26] [27] The inner surface of the foreskin is fused with the glans penis. This is normal in children and adolescents but abnormal in adults. [27] The frenulum is too short to allow complete retraction of the foreskin (a condition called frenulum breve). [27]
A frenulum that is attached near the bottom of the tongue, and is sometimes submucosal (not visible), but causes restriction is referred to as a "posterior tongue-tie". [7] Additionally, an abnormally short frenulum in infants can be a cause of breastfeeding problems, including sore and damaged nipples and inadequate feedings. [8]
A frenectomy is the removal of a frenulum, a small fold of tissue that prevents an organ in the body from moving too far. It can refer to frenula in several places on the human body. It is related to frenuloplasty, a surgical alteration in a frenulum. Done mostly for orthodontic purposes, a frenectomy is either performed inside the middle of ...
A frenuloplasty of prepuce of penis (also known as a release of frenulum) is a frenuloplasty of the frenulum of prepuce of penis. An abnormally short or sensitive frenulum of the penis can make some types of sexual activity uncomfortable or even painful. This may be a complication of circumcision or a naturally occurring event.