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The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [ 1 ]
In 2005, the definition of sleep apnea was changed to include patients with UARS by using RDI to determine sleep apnea severity. The diagnosis of UARS is based on findings on a polysomnogram . On polysomnograms, a UARS patient will have very few apneas and hypopneas, but many Respiratory effort-related Arousals.
Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these.
While the AHI measures the mean number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep, the RDI adds to this measure the respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs). [38] The OSA syndrome is thus diagnosed if the AHI is > 5 episodes per hour and results in daytime sleepiness and fatigue or when the RDI is ≥ 15 independently of the symptoms. [39]
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, ...
Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
The AHI is calculated by dividing the number of apnea events by the number of hours of sleep. The AHI values for adults are categorized as: [1] [2] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; For children, because of their different physiology, an AHI in excess of 1 is considered ...
Sleepiness 0–5: Severe 5–10: Troublesome 10–15: Manageable 15–20: Excellent A sleep onset latency of 0 to 5 minutes means severe sleep deprivation, 5 to 10 minutes is "troublesome", 10 to 15 minutes indicates a mild but "manageable" degree of sleep debt, and 15 to 20 minutes is indicative of "little or no" sleep debt. [1]: 341–342