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The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial detail is resolved well. [147] Individual still frames extracted from 3840×2160-pixel video footage can act as 8.3 megapixel still photographs, while only 2.1 megapixels at 1080p and 0.9 megapixels at 720p.
Original file (Ogg multiplexed audio/video file, Theora/Vorbis, length 44 s, 4,096 × 2,304 pixels, 1.48 Mbps overall, file size: 7.78 MB) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
The video encoding was done for entertainment applications and twelve different bitrates were made for the nine video test sequences with a HM-8.0 HEVC encoder being used. Of the nine video test sequences, five were at HD resolution, while four were at WVGA (800×480) resolution. The bit rate reductions for HEVC were determined based on PSNR ...
The HEVC standard defines thirteen levels. [1] [2] A level is a set of constraints for a bitstream.[1] [2] For levels below level 4 only the Main tier is allowed.[1] [2] A decoder that conforms to a given tier/level is required to be capable of decoding all bitstreams that are encoded for that tier/level and for all lower tiers/levels.
VP8, a video coding design by On2 Technologies (later purchased by Google), released in 2008; VP9, a video coding design by Google, released in 2013; High Efficiency Video Coding (ITU-T H.265 or ISO/IEC 23008-2), an ITU/ISO/IEC standard, released in 2013; AV1, a video coding design by the Alliance for Open Media, released in 2018
Versatile Video Coding (VVC), also known as H.266, [1] ISO/IEC 23090-3, [2] and MPEG-I Part 3, is a video compression standard finalized on 6 July 2020, by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) [3] of the VCEG working group of ITU-T Study Group 16 and the MPEG working group of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29.
12 bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 256 and the nominal peak is defined as code 3760. Codes 0–15 and 4,080–4,095 are used for the timing reference. Codes 16 through 255 provide video data below the black level while codes 3,761 through 4,079 provide video data above the nominal peak. [2]
Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see SMPTE color bars).Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on a vectorscope, allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds.