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Russian vowel chart by Jones & Trofimov (1923:55). The symbol i̝ stands for a positional variant of /i/ raised in comparison with the usual allophone of /i/, not a raised cardinal which would result in a consonant. Russian stressed vowel chart according to their formants and surrounding consonants, from Timberlake (2004:31, 38). C is hard (non ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Russian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The reform reduced the number of orthographic rules having no support in pronunciation—for example, the difference of the genders in the plural and the need to learn a long list of words which were written with yats (the composition of said list was controversial among linguists, and different spelling guides contradicted one another).
The Russian alphabet ... that alter pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel. ... while Russian has no , there are a number of common words ...
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.
The numbers are written as pronounced in Slavonic, [9] generally from the high value position to the low value position, with the exception of 11 through 19, which are written and pronounced with the ones unit before the tens; for example, ЗІ (17) is "семнадсять" (literally seven-on-ten, cf. the English seven-teen).
This section describes the pronunciation in Russian and Belarusian. Other languages may have subtle differences. The letter ё is a stressed syllable in the overwhelming majority of Russian and Belarusian words. In Russian, unstressed ё occurs only in compound numerals and a few derived terms, wherein it is considered an exception.
Old Russian also had a third number, the dual, but it has been lost except for its use in the nominative and accusative cases with the numbers 1½, 2, 3 and 4 (e.g. полтора часа "an hour and a half", два стула "two chairs"), where it is now reanalyzed as genitive singular.