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A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
There is no known polynomial-time algorithm for computing the square-free part of an integer. [ 3 ] The definition is generalized to the largest t {\displaystyle t} -free divisor of n {\displaystyle n} , r a d t {\displaystyle \mathrm {rad} _{t}} , which are multiplicative functions which act on prime powers as
A square root of a number x is a number r which, when squared, becomes x: =. Every positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the two square roots of 25 are 5 and −5. The positive square root is also known as the principal square root, and is denoted with a radical sign:
The square root of 2 is an algebraic number equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1. An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational ) coefficients.
There are 252 points on the surface of a cuboctahedron of radius five in the face-centered cubic lattice, [8] 252 ways of writing the number 4 as a sum of six squares of integers, [9] 252 ways of choosing four squares from a 4×4 chessboard up to reflections and rotations, [10] and 252 ways of placing three pieces on a Connect Four board. [11]
The following three tables show examples of the result of this computation for finding the square root of 612, with the iteration initialized at the values of 1, 10, and −20. Each row in a " x n " column is obtained by applying the preceding formula to the entry above it, for instance
The two square roots of a negative number are both imaginary numbers, and the square root symbol refers to the principal square root, the one with a positive imaginary part. For the definition of the principal square root of other complex numbers, see Square root § Principal square root of a complex number.