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If sodium bicarbonate therapy fails to improve cardiac symptoms, conventional antidysrhythmic drugs or magnesium can be used to reverse any cardiac abnormalities. However, no benefit has been shown from Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs ; it appears they worsen the sodium channel blockade, slow conduction velocity, and depress contractility and ...
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose can lead to cardiac arrest with typical ECG findings including wide QRS and prolonged QTc. Treatment for this condition includes activated charcoal and sodium bicarbonate. [120] Magnesium can be given at a does of 2 g (iv or oral bolus) to manage torsades de points.
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na +) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO 3 −). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a
QRS duration: 75 to 105 ms [3] Shorter in children [4] Prolonged duration could indicate hyperkalemia [5] or intraventricular conduction delay such as bundle branch block. QRS amplitude: S amplitude in V1 + R amplitude in V5 < 3.5 millivolt (mV) [4] R+S in a precordial lead < 4.5 mV [4] R in V5 or V6 < 2.6 mV; Increased amplitude indicates ...
Since these agents do not affect the sodium channel, conduction velocity is not decreased. The prolongation of the action potential duration and refractory period, combined with the maintenance of normal conduction velocity, prevent re-entrant arrhythmias. (The re-entrant rhythm is less likely to interact with tissue that has become refractory).
Flecainide is a medication used to prevent and treat abnormally fast heart rates. [1] This includes ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias. [1] Its use is only recommended in those with dangerous arrhythmias or when significant symptoms cannot be managed with other treatments. [1]
The key indication for CRT is left bundle branch block (LBBB) of the heart, a cardiac abnormality leading to delayed left ventricular contraction. LBBB causes a QRS prolongation of ≥120 ms on the electrocardiogram, contributing to poor left ventricular coordination and reduced systolic function, thereby reduced ejection fraction (<35%).
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are potassium channel blockers that cause QT prolongation and are associated with TdP. Amiodarone. Amiodarone works in many ways. It blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Because of its multiple actions, amiodarone causes QT prolongation but TdP is rarely ...