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Quartz-filled geode, shown from inside (top) and outside (bottom) A geode (/ ˈ dʒ iː. oʊ d /; from Ancient Greek γεώδης (geṓdēs) 'earthlike') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter
A geode is a simple term for a rock with a hollow in it, often with crystal formation/growth. A thunderegg on the other hand is a specific geological structure. A thunderegg may be referred to as a geode if it has a hollow in it, but not all geodes are thundereggs because there are many different ways for a hollow to form.
Enhydro agates are nodules, agates, or geodes with water trapped inside its cavity. [1] Enhydros are closely related to fluid inclusions, but are composed of chalcedony. The formation of enhydros is still an ongoing process, with specimens dated back to the Eocene Epoch. [2] They are commonly found in areas with volcanic rock. [3]
Agate (/ ˈ æ ɡ ɪ t / AG-it) is a variety of chalcedony, [1] which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks.The ornamental use of agate was common in ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, [2] while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium BCE in the Indus ...
An amethyst geode that formed when large crystals grew in open spaces inside the rock. The largest amethyst geode found as of 2007 was the Empress of Uruguay, found in Artigas, Uruguay in 2007. It stands at a height of 3.27 meters, lies open along its length, and weighs 2.5 tons. Amethyst is also found and mined in South Korea. [19]
Vugs may also form when mineral crystals or fossils inside a rock matrix are later removed through erosion or dissolution processes, leaving behind irregular voids. The inner surfaces of such vugs are often coated with a crystal druse. Fine crystals are often found in vugs where the open space allows the free development of external crystal form.
Scientists successfully filmed sound waves in a diamond crystal structure for the first time ever using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL).
Nephelinite – Igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline; Norite – Mafic intrusive igneous rock – A hypersthene-bearing gabbro; Obsidian – Naturally occurring volcanic glass; Pegmatite – Igneous rock with very large interlocked crystals