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The ozone layer visible from space at Earth's horizon as a blue band of afterglow within the bottom of the large bright blue band that is the stratosphere, with a silhouette of a cumulonimbus in the orange afterglow of the troposphere. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet ...
The highest levels of ozone in the atmosphere are in the stratosphere, in a region also known as the ozone layer between about 10 and 50 km above the surface (or between about 6 and 31 miles). However, even in this "layer", the ozone concentrations are only two to eight parts per million, so most of the oxygen there is dioxygen, O 2 , at about ...
The ozone–oxygen cycle is the process by which ozone is continually regenerated in Earth's stratosphere, converting ultraviolet radiation (UV) into heat. In 1930 Sydney Chapman resolved the chemistry involved.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere blocks harmful UV radiation from reaching the surface of the Earth. A gamma ray burst would deplete the ozone layer, allowing UV radiation through. The mechanism describing the formation of the ozone layer was described by British mathematician and geophysicist Sydney Chapman in 1930, and is known as the ...
Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, [citation needed] and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. [1] The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ...
Ground-level ozone (O 3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with close to 100 ppbv in polluted areas.
It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 15–35 km (9.3–21.7 mi; 49,000–115,000 ft), though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. About 90% of the ozone in Earth's atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere. The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation.
The null cycle can be broken in the presence of certain molecules, leading to a net increase or decrease in ozone in the stratosphere. One important example is NO x emissions into the stratosphere. The NO x reacts with both the atomic oxygen and ozone leading to a net decrease in ozone. [2] This is particularly important at night when NO 2 ...