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A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B 3 in the diet. Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. [7]
Example of a label showing the amount of niacin (Vitamin B3), and specifying to be niacinamide in the ingredient section.. The United States Government adopted the terms niacin and niacinamide in 1942 as alternate names for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, respectively, and encouraged their use in nontechnical contexts to avoid the public’s confusing them with the nearly unrelated (and toxic ...
Muscle tissue is high in protein, containing all of the essential amino acids, and in most cases is a good source of zinc, vitamin B 12, selenium, phosphorus, niacin, vitamin B 6, choline, riboflavin and iron. [28] Several forms of meat are high in vitamin K. [29] Muscle tissue is very low in carbohydrates and does not contain dietary fiber. [30]
In the US, niacin is also available as a dietary supplement at 500 to 1,000 mg/tablet. Niacin has sometimes been used in combination with other lipid-lowering medications. [37] Systematic reviews found no effect of niacin on cardiovascular disease or death, in spite of raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Reported side effects ...
Vitamin Food source 1913: Vitamin A (Retinol) Cod liver oil: 1910: Vitamin B 1 (Thiamine) Rice bran: 1920: Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Citrus, most fresh foods 1920: Vitamin D (Calciferol) Cod liver oil 1920: Vitamin B 2 (Riboflavin) Meat, dairy products, eggs: 1922: Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Wheat germ oil, unrefined vegetable oils 1929: Vitamin K ...
The tendons of certain animals (particularly beef tendon) are used as an ingredient in some Asian cuisines, including the Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, Thai, Laotian, Cambodian and Vietnamese traditions.
Vitamin B 3, also known as niacin, includes both nicotinamide as well as nicotinic acid, both of which function in many biological oxidization and reduction reactions within the body. Niacin is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol , known mediators of brain biochemistry, and in effect, of cognitive function.
Nicotinamide occurs in trace amounts mainly in meat, fish, nuts, and mushrooms, as well as to a lesser extent in some vegetables. [35] It is commonly added to cereals and other foods. Many multivitamins contain 20–30 mg of vitamin B 3 and it is also available in higher doses. [36]