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In this near true color photograph, taken through a narrowband hydrogen-alpha filter, plages are visible as overexposed patches. A plage / p l eɪ dʒ / is a bright region in the Sun's chromosphere, typically found in and around active regions.
As at Jan 3, 2025, solar cycle 25 is averaging 39% more spots per day than solar cycle 24 at the same point in the cycle (Jan 3, 2014). Year 1 of SC25 (Dec 2019 to Nov 2020) averaged 101% more spots per day than year 1 of SC24. Year 2 of SC25 (Dec 2020 to Nov 2021) averaged 7% more spots per day than year 2 of SC24.
Spots from two sequential cycles co-exist for several years during the years near solar minimum. Spots from sequential cycles can be distinguished by direction of their magnetic field and their latitude. The Wolf number sunspot index counts the average number of sunspots and groups of sunspots during specific intervals. The 11-year solar cycles ...
As each cycle proceeds, the latitude of spots declines, from 30 to 45° to around 7° after the solar maximum. This latitudinal change follows Spörer's law . For a sunspot to be visible to the human eye it must be about 50,000 km in diameter, covering 2,000,000,000 square kilometres (770,000,000 sq mi) or 700 millionths of the visible area.
In 1775, Horrebow noted how "it appears that after the course of a certain number of years, the appearance of the Sun repeats itself with respect to the number and size of the spots". [4] The solar cycle however would not be clearly identified until 1843 when Samuel Heinrich Schwabe noticed a periodic variation in the average number of sunspots ...
The study of [sun spot] cycles was generally popular through the first half of the century. Governments had collected a lot of weather data to play with and inevitably people found correlations between sun spot cycles and select weather patterns. If rainfall in England didn't fit the cycle, maybe storminess in New England would.
Hale's law has important implications for the Sun's internal magnetic field and the dynamo that drives it. Namely, the observation that active regions in a given north-south hemisphere all have the same leading magnetic polarity suggests that their emergence is the manifestation of a highly organized east-west-aligned, or toroidal , magnetic ...
Sun SPOTs beside an AA battery Sun SPOT (Sun Small Programmable Object Technology) was a sensor node for a wireless sensor network developed by Sun Microsystems announced in 2007. The device used the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for its networking, and unlike other available sensor nodes, used the Squawk Java virtual machine .