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The K-20 is an aerial photography camera used during World War II, famously from the Enola Gay's tail gunner position to photograph the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima. [1] Designed by Fairchild Camera and Instrument , approximately 15,000 were manufactured under licence for military contract by Folmer Graflex Corporation in Rochester ...
The US army captured some models and brought this camera to the US in the 1940s, where it served as a prototype for the almost identical Cineflex PH 330. [3] Due to its importance during World war II footage, Arriflex 35 cameras were later used in the Nuremberg Trials.The original Arriflex 35 had three Arri standard mounts on a rotating turret ...
In the 1930s, this camera was marketed as a 'semi professional' camera while the Filmo 127 was introduced as an amateur camera using 8 mm film. Various government and military organizations used specialty motion picture cameras based on the eyemo mechanics for scientific tests and filming. One manufacturer being MultiData.
In 1944, Fairchild changed the company name from Fairchild Aviation to Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation. Its product portfolio expanded during World War II from aerial photography equipment to include machine gun cameras, x-ray cameras, radar cameras, gun synchronizers, and radio compasses.
Japanese cameras were a mixture of domestic and imported/copied types. The Navy often used copies of the American Fairchild K-8 and K-20, and also a copy of the U.S. Navy's F-8. The Army used small, usually handheld Type 96, 99 (K-20), and 100. Konica and Nikon were the main manufactures. Some German cameras were also used.
The 35 mm SLR design gained immediate popularity and there was an explosion of new models and innovative features after World War II. There were also a few 35 mm TLRs, the best-known of which was the Contaflex of 1935, but for the most part these met with little success.
Argus introduced the Argus Model 21 in 1947, a metal-bodied camera and the company’s first model with an automatic shutter cocking to prevent double exposure and a hot shoe for flash. [3] By the end of World War II, Argus had won the Army-Navy “E” award five times for “excellence in design and manufacture of war-related material".
They were soon joined by smaller cameras that yielded relatively small stereo slides on glass. The popularity of stereo photography declined after the First World War and plummeted during the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the late 1940s, compact imported European stereo cameras that used 35 mm slide film began appearing in the US market.