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Other predators include dragonfly (fly) naiads, which consume mosquito larvae in the breeding waters, adult dragonflies, which eat adult mosquitoes, and some species of lizard and gecko. [40] Biocontrol agents that have had lesser degrees of success include the predator mosquito Toxorhynchites and predator crustaceans — Mesocyclops copepods ...
The immature meadowhawk dragonflies feed on various organisms that can be found in aquatic environments. Some of their prey items include fly larvae, mosquito larvae, mayfly larvae, shrimp, and small fish. The adult meadowhawks feed on smaller, typically flying insects. This, for example, includes mosquitoes, flies, moths, and mayflies.
The spot-winged glider is a known predator of Anopheles freeborni, the western malaria mosquito. It primarily feeds on A. freeborni at dusk, during which the mosquitoes commonly swarm. As it gets darker, predation decreases due to the importance of visual stimuli in the ability of P. hymenaea to detect its prey.
Dragonflies having simple flaps shed the eggs in water, mostly in flight. Dragonflies having ovipositors use them to puncture soft tissues of plants and place the eggs singly in each puncture they make. [32] [34] [35] [36] Dragonfly nymphs vary in form with species, and are loosely classed into claspers, sprawlers, hiders, and burrowers. [17]
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Adult and nymphal dragonflies have been proposed as biological control of mosquito species. [89] Dragonfly nymphs eat mosquito larvae, at least in laboratory conditions, [90] though studies of wild dragonfly diets have not shown mosquitoes to be part of dragonfly nymph diets. [91]
Many measures have been tried for mosquito control, including the elimination of breeding places, exclusion via window screens and mosquito nets, biological control with parasites such as fungi [104] [105] and nematodes, [106] or predators such as fish, [107] [108] [109] copepods, [110] dragonfly nymphs and adults, and some species of lizard ...
Its diet consists of mosquito larvae, aquatic fly larvae, mayfly larvae, freshwater shrimp, small fish, and tadpoles. The nymphs, which live in the mud at the bottom of warm streams or ponds, catch their prey by waiting patiently for it to pass by.