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Phosphogypsum (PG) is the calcium sulfate hydrate formed as a by-product of the production of fertilizer, particularly phosphoric acid, from phosphate rock. It is mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O).
The production of phosphate fertilizers requires breaking down calcium-containing phosphate rock with acid, producing calcium sulfate waste known as phosphogypsum (PG). This form of gypsum is contaminated by impurities found in the rock, namely fluoride, silica, radioactive elements such as radium, and heavy metal elements such as cadmium. [31]
The main straight phosphate fertilizers are the superphosphates: "Single superphosphate" (SSP) consisting of 14–18% P 2 O 5, again in the form of Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2, but also phosphogypsum (CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O). Triple superphosphate (TSP) typically consists of 44–48% of P 2 O 5 and no gypsum.
The Mosaic Company was formed in October 2004 by a merger between IMC Global, a fertilizer company formed in 1909, and Cargill's crop nutrition division. It is a combined producer and marketer of concentrated phosphate and potash with a customer base which includes wholesalers, retail dealers and individual growers worldwide.
The OCP Group (OCP S.A.) (formerly Office Chérifien des Phosphates) is a Moroccan state-owned phosphate rock miner, phosphoric acid manufacturer and fertilizer producer. [2] [3] Founded in 1920, the company has grown to become the world's largest producer of phosphate and phosphate-based products and it is one of the largest phosphate, fertilizer, chemicals, and mineral industrial companies ...
It is a manufacturer of specialty fertilizers and specialty phosphates, flame retardants and water treatment solutions. [11] ICL is majority controlled by the Israel Corporation, one of the largest Israeli conglomerates. In addition to the Dead Sea Works, Israel Chemicals mines phosphates in the Negev desert. [12] ICL Group serves customers in ...