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  2. Mural crown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural_crown

    The mural crown became an ancient Roman military decoration. The corona muralis (Latin for "walled crown") was a golden crown, or a circle of gold intended to resemble a battlement, bestowed upon the soldier who first climbed the wall of a besieged city or fortress to successfully place the standard (flag) of the attacking army upon it.

  3. Roman military decorations and punishments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_decorations...

    Civic crown – (Latin: corona civica), was a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown. During the Roman Republic, and the subsequent Principate, it was regarded as the second highest military decoration a citizen could aspire to (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard) and was rewarded for saving the lives of fellow Roman ...

  4. Wreaths and crowns in antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreaths_and_crowns_in...

    Radiate crowns were associated with the sun, and the 3rd-century Roman emperors issued coins – antoniniani – with the imperial portrait wearing a radiate crown. [21] Soon after the Christianization of the Roman Empire in the reign of Constantine the Great (r. 306–337), the radiate crown disappeared from official use. [21]

  5. Roman walls of Barcelona - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_walls_of_Barcelona

    Reconstruction of the walls of Barcino in a nativity scene located in the Plaça de Sant Jaume in Barcelona (2014).. The Roman Republic first entered the Iberian Peninsula in the course of the Second Punic War (218 BC), to counteract the power of the Carthaginians in the area, which eventually led to the beginning of the conquest of the territory, a slow process that would last almost two ...

  6. Civic Crown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Crown

    The Civic Crown (Latin: corona civica) was a military decoration during the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire, given to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens. It was regarded as the second highest decoration to which a citizen could aspire (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard).

  7. Royal treasures hidden since World War II recovered from ...

    www.aol.com/royal-treasures-hidden-since-world...

    Other artifacts include a crown, a chain, a medallion, a ring and a coffin plaque belonging to Elizabeth of Austria, or Elžbieta HabsburgaitÄ—, who lived from 1436–1505.

  8. Iron Crown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Crown

    The Iron Crown (in Italian, Latin, and Lombard: Corona Ferrea; German: Eiserne Krone) is a reliquary votive crown, traditionally considered one of the oldest royal insignia of Christendom. It was made in the Middle Ages , consisting of a circlet of gold and jewels fitted around a central silver band, which tradition held to be made of iron ...

  9. Coat of arms of Lyon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lyon

    The mural crown, of Roman origin, is often used by municipal corporations as an emblem of their power and authority. Surrounding the arms is a crown formed by two branches of mulberry or oak . A decree, dated 26 November 1946, established that it would adorn the coat of arms with the decorations granted to Lyon: the Cross of the Legion of ...