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Schizophreniform disorder is a type of mental illness that is characterized by psychosis and closely related to schizophrenia.Both schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), have the same symptoms and essential features except for two differences: the level of functional impairment and the duration of symptoms.
Studies also suggest there is a genetic overlap between schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. [34] These factors complicate the use of genetic tests in diagnosis or prediction of the onset of schizophrenia. [35]
Various neurotrophic factors dysregulate in schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, namely BDNF; expression of which is lowered in schizophrenia as well as in major depression and bipolar disorder. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] BDNF regulates in an AMPA-dependent mechanism [ 11 ] - AMPA and BDNF alike are critical mediators of growth cone survival. [ 12 ]
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder [17] [7] characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, [10] and flat or inappropriate affect. [7]
Dementia praecox was reconstituted as schizophrenia, paranoia was renamed as delusional disorder and manic-depressive insanity as bipolar disorder (epilepsy was transferred from psychiatry to neurology). The 'mental symptoms' included under the concept schizophrenia are real enough, affect people, and will always need understanding and treatment.
A birth cohort study in New Zealand found that children who went on to develop schizophreniform disorder had — in addition to emotional problems and interpersonal difficulties linked to all adult psychiatric outcomes measured — significant impairments in neuromotor, receptive language, and cognitive development. [64]
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