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Germ cell tumor (GCT) is a neoplasm derived from the primordial germ cells. [1] Germ-cell tumors can be cancerous or benign. Germ cells normally occur inside the gonads (ovary [2] and testis). GCTs that originate outside the gonads may be birth defects resulting from errors during development of the embryo.
M9064/2 Intratubular malignant germ cells Intratubular germ cell neoplasia; M9064/3 Germinoma Germ cell tumor, NOS; M9065/3 Germ cell tumor, nonseminomatous M9070/3 Embryonal carcinoma, NOS Embryonal adenocarcinoma; M9071/3 Yolk sac tumor. Endodermal sinus tumor; Polyvesicular vitelline tumor; Orchioblastoma; Embryonal carcinoma, infantile ...
It occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, a microscopic tumor is in the other ovary. [citation needed] A 7.4 x 5.5-cm seminoma in a radical orchiectomy specimen from a 27-year-old man . Seminoma is the second-most common testicular cancer; the most common is mixed, which may contain seminoma. [citation needed]
A dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor; [1] it usually is malignant and usually occurs in the ovary.. A tumor of the identical histology but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name: seminoma in the testis [2] or germinoma in the central nervous system or other parts of the body.
These rare forms of teratoma with malignant transformation may contain elements of somatic (not germ cell) malignancy such as leukemia, carcinoma, or sarcoma. [35] A teratoma may contain elements of other germ cell tumors, in which case it is not a pure teratoma, but rather is a mixed germ cell tumor and is malignant.
The average age of diagnosis is between 35 and 50 years. This is about 5 to 10 years older than men with other germ cell tumors of the testes. In most cases, they produce masses that are readily felt on testicular self-examination; however, in up to 11 percent of cases, there may be no mass able to be felt, or there may be testicular atrophy ...
Gonadoblastoma has been found in association with androgen insensitivity syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis and Turner syndrome, especially in the presence of Y chromosome-bearing cells. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Women with Turner syndrome whose karyotype includes a Y chromosome (as in 45,X/46,XY mosaicism) are at increased risk for gonadoblastoma.
Tumors 20 to 30 cm in diameter can exist with minimal symptomatology. Rare cases of adult onset acute megakaryoblastic leukemia are associated with malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor. In these cases, the mediastinal germ cell tumor develops before or concomitantly with but not after acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.